Medical Tourism India (Spanish)
View more presentations from Dr. sumit Seth, i f s.
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Sunday, January 11, 2009
All India Pre PG Exam 11 January, 2009
Topics asked in this exam are as follows
1.Privileged Communication
2. Fire Arm Injury Stellate wound
3. Traumatic Asphyxia
4. Road Traffic Accident
5. Finger Prints
6. Abrasions
All the Question could be answered from the 3rd Edition of "Review of Forensic Medicine" so one more time its a 100% Strike Rate!
Lets see these topics in more detail:
2.Suggesting Range
4. Pedestrians Injury ( Page 273 )
1)Primaryimpact: These are caused when first part of the strikes the vehicle
3) Tertiary impact injuries (Secondary injuries) These are injuries caused when the victim striking objects such as the ground)
5.
Fingerprint system, Galton system, Dermatoglyphycs)
1.Privileged Communication
2. Fire Arm Injury Stellate wound
3. Traumatic Asphyxia
4. Road Traffic Accident
5. Finger Prints
6. Abrasions
All the Question could be answered from the 3rd Edition of "Review of Forensic Medicine" so one more time its a 100% Strike Rate!
Lets see these topics in more detail:
Privileged Communication:( Page No 257 from 3rd Edn of R o F M )
• It is a statement communicated by a doctor to the concerned authority to protect the interest of the community of state.
• Examples of privileged communication
1. A syphilitic bath in a public pool
2. Engine or bus driver found to be colour blind
3. A person with infectious disease working as a cook.
4. A doctor’s duty is to notify birth, death, and infectious disease to public health authority.
• Exceptions to the General rule of Professional Secrecy is—“CIVIC SIN”:
1. C — Crime
I — Infections Disease
V — Veneral Disease
I — Interest (Self)
C — Courts of Law
S — Servant and Employee
I — Interest (Patients)
N — Negligence suits/Notifiable diseases2.
Shape of wound Distance
1. Cruciate or Stellate shape
Contact over bone
2. Oval shape Upto 30 cm
3. Rat hole wound 30-100 cm
4. Satellite wound More than 2 metres
5. Individual pellets Over 4 metres
3. Traumatic Asphyxia ( Page no. 88 )
• Traumatic asphyxia results from respiratory arrest due to mechanical fixation of the chest*, so that the normal movement of the chest wall are prevented.
• Common cause is crushing by falls of earth in a coal mine or during tunnelling or in a building collapse
• An intense cyanosis of deep purple or purple red colour of the head, neck and upper chest, above the level of compression is the prominent feature
4. Pedestrians Injury ( Page 273 )
1)Primaryimpact: These are caused when first part of the strikes the vehicle
In the typical case, the victim is struck by the front of the vehicle and sustains so called bumper injury on legs
3) Tertiary impact injuries (Secondary injuries) These are injuries caused when the victim striking objects such as the ground)
5.
Fingerprint system, Galton system, Dermatoglyphycs)
• Most reliable* method of identification of a person.
· First Finger Print Bureau* was established at Writer’s Building,
• Fingerprints are impressions of pattern formed by the papillary ridges of the fingertips.
• Fingerprints are classified primarily as
1. Loops 67%(most common*)
2. Arches
3. Whorls
4. Composite forms–1-2% (least common*)
• Minimum no. of points to estd proof of identity is 8* (Supreme Court ruling*)
• The patterns are not inherited.
• The pattern is different even in identical twins. (Adolphe Quetelet’s Rule* of biological variation*)
Categories of Finger Prints
§ Latent Finger PrintsàBarely visible
§ Plastic Finger PrintsàPrints made on soft surface(Soap, cheese etc)
§ Visible Finger Printsà Stained with blood, greese etc
• In leprosy and Charring fingerprints may be lost*
Abrasions (Gravel Rash)
• An abrasion is destruction of the skin, which involves superficial layers of epidermis only.
• It has only length and breadth.
• The exposed raw surface is covered by exudation of lymph and blood, which produces a protective covering known as scab or crust.
Types
1. Scratches: These are caused by a sharp object passing across the skin, such as fingernails, pin or thorn.
2. Grazes: They are most common type* of abrasions. An abrasion caused by violent lateral rubbing by friction force* is called brush burn.
3. Impact Abrasion: They are caused by impact of a rough object such as a person is knocked down by a motor car.
4. Pressure Abrasion: They are caused by crushing of the superficial layers of the epidermis e.g. ligature mark of hanging.
Impact Abrasion and Pressure abrasions are also known as Patterned Abrasions*
Age of Abrasions*
1. Fresh —Bright red.
2. 12 to 24 hours—Lymph and blood dries up leaving a bright scab.
3. 2 to 3 days—Reddish-brown scab.*
4. 4 to 7 days—Epithelium grows and covers defect under the scab.
5. After 7 days—Scab dries, shrinks and falls out.
• In antemortem abrasions, intravital reaction and congestion is seen.
• Erosion of the skin produced by Ants, excoriations of the skin by excreta and pressure sores resemble abrasions.
Friday, December 19, 2008
Saturday, December 06, 2008
?..Interesting, Unbelievable True Forensic Case.
At the 1994 annual awards dinner given for Forensic Science, AAFS President Dr. Don Harper Mills astounded his audience with the legal complications of a bizarre death.
Here is the story:
On March 23, 1994....... the medical examiner viewed the body of Ronald Opus, and concluded that he died from a shotgun wound to the head. Mr. Opus had jumped from the top of a ten-story building intending to commit suicide....
------------------------------------------------
He left a note to the effect indicating his despondency. As he fell past the ninth floor, his life was interrupted by a shotgun blast passing through a window, which killed him instantly. Neither the shooter nor the deceased was aware that a safety net had been installed just below the eighth floor level to protect some building workers and that Ronald Opus would not have been able to complete his suicide the way he had planned.
------------------------------------------------
"Ordinarily, " Dr Mills continued, "Someone who sets out to commit suicide and ultimately succeeds, even though the mechanism might not be what he intended, is still defined as committing suicide." That Mr. Opus was shot on the way to certain death, but probably would not have been successful because of the safety net, caused the medical examiner to feel that he had a homicide on his hands.
------------------------------------------------
The room on the ninth floor, where the shotgun blast emanated, was occupied by an elderly man and his wife. They were arguing vigorously, and he was threatening her with a shotgun! The man was so upset that when he pulled the trigger, he completely missed his wife, and the pellets went through the window, striking Mr.Opus. When one intends to kill subject "A" but
kills subject "B" in the attempt, one is guilty of the murder of subject B."
-------------------------------------------------
When confronted with the murder charge, the old man and his wife were both adamant, and both said that they thought the shotgun was not loaded.
The old man said it was a long-standing habit to threaten his wife with the unloaded shotgun. He had no intention to murder her. Therefore the killing of Mr.Opus appeared to be an accident; that is, assuming the gun had been accidentally loaded.
-------------------------------------------------
The continuing investigation turned up a witness who saw the old couple's son loading the shotgun about six weeks prior to the fatal accident..
-------------------------------------------------
It transpired that the old lady had cut off her son's financial support and the son, knowing the propensity of his father to use the shotgun threateningly, loaded the gun with the expectation that his father would shoot his mother.
--------------------------------------------------
Since the loader of the gun was aware of this, he was guilty of the murder even though he didn't actually pull the trigger. The case now becomes one of murder on the part of the son for the death of Ronald Opus.
--------------------------------------------------
Now comes the exquisite twist... Further investigation revealed that the son was, in fact, Ronald Opus. He had become increasingly despondent over the failure of his attempt to engineer his mother's murder. This led him to jump off the ten-story building on March 23rd, only to be killed by a shotgun blast passing through the ninth story window.
--------------------------------------------------
The son, Ronald Opus, had actually murdered himself. So the medical examiner closed the case as a suicide.
A true story from Associated Press, (Reported by Kurt Westerville)
Here is the story:
On March 23, 1994....... the medical examiner viewed the body of Ronald Opus, and concluded that he died from a shotgun wound to the head. Mr. Opus had jumped from the top of a ten-story building intending to commit suicide....
------------------------------------------------
He left a note to the effect indicating his despondency. As he fell past the ninth floor, his life was interrupted by a shotgun blast passing through a window, which killed him instantly. Neither the shooter nor the deceased was aware that a safety net had been installed just below the eighth floor level to protect some building workers and that Ronald Opus would not have been able to complete his suicide the way he had planned.
------------------------------------------------
"Ordinarily, " Dr Mills continued, "Someone who sets out to commit suicide and ultimately succeeds, even though the mechanism might not be what he intended, is still defined as committing suicide." That Mr. Opus was shot on the way to certain death, but probably would not have been successful because of the safety net, caused the medical examiner to feel that he had a homicide on his hands.
------------------------------------------------
The room on the ninth floor, where the shotgun blast emanated, was occupied by an elderly man and his wife. They were arguing vigorously, and he was threatening her with a shotgun! The man was so upset that when he pulled the trigger, he completely missed his wife, and the pellets went through the window, striking Mr.Opus. When one intends to kill subject "A" but
kills subject "B" in the attempt, one is guilty of the murder of subject B."
-------------------------------------------------
When confronted with the murder charge, the old man and his wife were both adamant, and both said that they thought the shotgun was not loaded.
The old man said it was a long-standing habit to threaten his wife with the unloaded shotgun. He had no intention to murder her. Therefore the killing of Mr.Opus appeared to be an accident; that is, assuming the gun had been accidentally loaded.
-------------------------------------------------
The continuing investigation turned up a witness who saw the old couple's son loading the shotgun about six weeks prior to the fatal accident..
-------------------------------------------------
It transpired that the old lady had cut off her son's financial support and the son, knowing the propensity of his father to use the shotgun threateningly, loaded the gun with the expectation that his father would shoot his mother.
--------------------------------------------------
Since the loader of the gun was aware of this, he was guilty of the murder even though he didn't actually pull the trigger. The case now becomes one of murder on the part of the son for the death of Ronald Opus.
--------------------------------------------------
Now comes the exquisite twist... Further investigation revealed that the son was, in fact, Ronald Opus. He had become increasingly despondent over the failure of his attempt to engineer his mother's murder. This led him to jump off the ten-story building on March 23rd, only to be killed by a shotgun blast passing through the ninth story window.
--------------------------------------------------
The son, Ronald Opus, had actually murdered himself. So the medical examiner closed the case as a suicide.
A true story from Associated Press, (Reported by Kurt Westerville)
Sunday, November 23, 2008
AIIMS PG NOVEMBER 2008
75. WHAT IS FALLANGA?
A. BEATING ON SOLES WITH BLUNT OBJECT
B. Plucking hairs
C. Persistent pushing of head into vomit
D. Beating on soles
76.HYDROCUTION REFERS TO?
A. DROWNING IN COLD WATER
B. ELECTROCUTION IN WATER
C. POST MORTEM IMMERSION
D. IMMERSION IN BOILING WATER
77.NOT A CONSTITUENT OF EMBALMING FLUID?
A. PHENOL
B. ETHANAOL
C.FORMALIN
D. GLYCERINE
Explanation: Typically embalming fluid contains a mixture of formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol and other solvents. The formaldehyde content generally ranges from 5 to 29 percent and the ethanol content may range from 9 to 56 percent.
Embalming fluid is injected into the arteries of the deceased during embalming. Many other bodily fluids may be drained or aspirated and replaced with the fluid as well. The process of embalming is designed to slow the decomposition of the body.
Chemicals and additives
Potential ingredients include:
a. Preservative. 18%-35% mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or in some cases phenol which are then diluted to gain the final index of the arterial solution. Methanol is used to hold the formaldehyde in solution. Formalin refers specifically to 37% aqueous formaldehyde and is not commonly used in funeral embalming but rather in the preservation of anatomical specimens.
b. Water Conditioner. These are designed to balance the "hardness" of water (the presence of other trace chemicals that changes the water's pH or neutrality) and to help reduce the deceased's acidity, a by-product of decomposition, as formaldehyde works best in an alkaline environment. Additionally, water conditioners may be used to help "inactivate" chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics which may bind to and render ineffectual the preservative chemical.
c. Cell Conditioner. These chemicals act to prepare cells for absorption of arterial fluid and help break up clots in the bloodstream.
d. Dyes. Active dyes are use to restore someone's natural colouration and counterstain against conditions such as jaundice as well as to indicate distribution of arterial fluid. Inactive dyes are used by the manufacturer of the arterial fluid to give a pleasant color to the fluid in the bottle, but does nothing for the appearance of the embalmed body.
e. Humectants. These are added to dehydrated and emaciated bodies to help restore tissue to a more natural and hydrated appearance.
f. Anti-Edemic Chemicals. The opposite of humectants these are designed to draw excessive fluid (edema) from a body.
g. Additional Disinfectants. For certain cases, such as tissue gas, specialist chemicals normally used topically such as Dis-Spray are added to an arterial solution.
h. Water. Most arterial solutions are a mix of some of the preceding chemicals with tepid water. Cases done without the addition of water are referred to specifically as "waterless". Waterless embalming is very effective but not economically viable for everyday cases
i. Cavity Fluid. This is a generally a very high index formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde solution injected undiluted directly via the trocar incision into the body cavities to treat the viscera. In cases of tissue gas phenol based products are often used instead.
Now what is meant by HUMECTANT??
A humectant is a hygroscopic substance. Examples of humectants include glycerine, propylene glycol and glyceryl triacetate. Others can be polyols like sorbitol, xylitol and maltitol, or polymeric polyols like polydextrose or natural extracts like quillaia, or lactic acid or urea. Lithium chloride is an excellent humectant but is toxic.
Although glycerine is itself not a germicide and has no preservative quality, it does increase the germ killing power of other chemicals, probably because it is an excellent solvent for disinfecting chemicals; its good solvent ability makes it an efficient carrier for the chemicals. Glycerine is also a good lubricator and is hygroscopic. If retained in tissues, it helps to prevent dehydration.
AND REGARDING PHENOL, REFERENCE FROM "Page number 124 & 125 of Embalming By Robert G. Mayer, Jacquelyn Taylor"
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, phenol was one of the most commonly found components of both arterial and cavity fluids manufactured in the early days of the fluid industry. Today, it is used chiefly in cavity fluid formulations. Phenol is a coal-tar derivative that is a colorless crstalline solid. Upon exposure to strong light or metallic contamination, it darkens and assumes an amber or reddish brown appearance when in solution. The potency of phenol is not impaired to any great extent when such change occurs.
Phenol penetrates the skin very readily and is very rapidly absorbed by protein structures. Phenol and phenolic derivatives are good germicides. In addition, they assist formaldehyde in forming insoluble resins with albumins. Generally, their use in embalming fluids is confined to cavity fluids because they tend to produce a "putty gray” tissue. Formulations containing these compounds are often used as bleaching agents to lighten discolorations on the skin surface. The solution either is applied as an external pack or is injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic syringe.
78. THANATOLOGY IS STUDY OF?
A. DEATH
B. POLLEN GRAINS
C. DEAD NEW BORN
D. POST MORTEM INTERVAL
79.A MAN WORKING AS A PEST KILLER COMES TO OPD WITH PAIN ABDOMEN AND GARLIC ODOUR IN BREATH WITH TRANSVERSE LINES ON NAILS.POSONING IS DUE TO?
A. LEAD
B,ARSENIC
C.MERCURY
D. CADMIUM
A. BEATING ON SOLES WITH BLUNT OBJECT
B. Plucking hairs
C. Persistent pushing of head into vomit
D. Beating on soles
76.HYDROCUTION REFERS TO?
A. DROWNING IN COLD WATER
B. ELECTROCUTION IN WATER
C. POST MORTEM IMMERSION
D. IMMERSION IN BOILING WATER
77.NOT A CONSTITUENT OF EMBALMING FLUID?
A. PHENOL
B. ETHANAOL
C.FORMALIN
D. GLYCERINE
Explanation: Typically embalming fluid contains a mixture of formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol and other solvents. The formaldehyde content generally ranges from 5 to 29 percent and the ethanol content may range from 9 to 56 percent.
Embalming fluid is injected into the arteries of the deceased during embalming. Many other bodily fluids may be drained or aspirated and replaced with the fluid as well. The process of embalming is designed to slow the decomposition of the body.
Chemicals and additives
Potential ingredients include:
a. Preservative. 18%-35% mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or in some cases phenol which are then diluted to gain the final index of the arterial solution. Methanol is used to hold the formaldehyde in solution. Formalin refers specifically to 37% aqueous formaldehyde and is not commonly used in funeral embalming but rather in the preservation of anatomical specimens.
b. Water Conditioner. These are designed to balance the "hardness" of water (the presence of other trace chemicals that changes the water's pH or neutrality) and to help reduce the deceased's acidity, a by-product of decomposition, as formaldehyde works best in an alkaline environment. Additionally, water conditioners may be used to help "inactivate" chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics which may bind to and render ineffectual the preservative chemical.
c. Cell Conditioner. These chemicals act to prepare cells for absorption of arterial fluid and help break up clots in the bloodstream.
d. Dyes. Active dyes are use to restore someone's natural colouration and counterstain against conditions such as jaundice as well as to indicate distribution of arterial fluid. Inactive dyes are used by the manufacturer of the arterial fluid to give a pleasant color to the fluid in the bottle, but does nothing for the appearance of the embalmed body.
e. Humectants. These are added to dehydrated and emaciated bodies to help restore tissue to a more natural and hydrated appearance.
f. Anti-Edemic Chemicals. The opposite of humectants these are designed to draw excessive fluid (edema) from a body.
g. Additional Disinfectants. For certain cases, such as tissue gas, specialist chemicals normally used topically such as Dis-Spray are added to an arterial solution.
h. Water. Most arterial solutions are a mix of some of the preceding chemicals with tepid water. Cases done without the addition of water are referred to specifically as "waterless". Waterless embalming is very effective but not economically viable for everyday cases
i. Cavity Fluid. This is a generally a very high index formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde solution injected undiluted directly via the trocar incision into the body cavities to treat the viscera. In cases of tissue gas phenol based products are often used instead.
Now what is meant by HUMECTANT??
A humectant is a hygroscopic substance. Examples of humectants include glycerine, propylene glycol and glyceryl triacetate. Others can be polyols like sorbitol, xylitol and maltitol, or polymeric polyols like polydextrose or natural extracts like quillaia, or lactic acid or urea. Lithium chloride is an excellent humectant but is toxic.
Although glycerine is itself not a germicide and has no preservative quality, it does increase the germ killing power of other chemicals, probably because it is an excellent solvent for disinfecting chemicals; its good solvent ability makes it an efficient carrier for the chemicals. Glycerine is also a good lubricator and is hygroscopic. If retained in tissues, it helps to prevent dehydration.
AND REGARDING PHENOL, REFERENCE FROM "Page number 124 & 125 of Embalming By Robert G. Mayer, Jacquelyn Taylor"
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, phenol was one of the most commonly found components of both arterial and cavity fluids manufactured in the early days of the fluid industry. Today, it is used chiefly in cavity fluid formulations. Phenol is a coal-tar derivative that is a colorless crstalline solid. Upon exposure to strong light or metallic contamination, it darkens and assumes an amber or reddish brown appearance when in solution. The potency of phenol is not impaired to any great extent when such change occurs.
Phenol penetrates the skin very readily and is very rapidly absorbed by protein structures. Phenol and phenolic derivatives are good germicides. In addition, they assist formaldehyde in forming insoluble resins with albumins. Generally, their use in embalming fluids is confined to cavity fluids because they tend to produce a "putty gray” tissue. Formulations containing these compounds are often used as bleaching agents to lighten discolorations on the skin surface. The solution either is applied as an external pack or is injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic syringe.
78. THANATOLOGY IS STUDY OF?
A. DEATH
B. POLLEN GRAINS
C. DEAD NEW BORN
D. POST MORTEM INTERVAL
79.A MAN WORKING AS A PEST KILLER COMES TO OPD WITH PAIN ABDOMEN AND GARLIC ODOUR IN BREATH WITH TRANSVERSE LINES ON NAILS.POSONING IS DUE TO?
A. LEAD
B,ARSENIC
C.MERCURY
D. CADMIUM
Monday, August 04, 2008
Bullet to have "fingerprints"
U.K. researchers are developing a coating for bullet casings that sticks to the hands (or gloves) of anyone handling it and is very difficult to remove. The idea is to give each bullet a "fingerprint" that can be traced to a given crime.
Today, cops rely on generic gunpowder, primer and lubricants getting on the shooter's hands and clothing when a bullet is fired. Such techniques can tell when someone has fired a gun, but can't tie a shooter to a specific bullet casing.
The new coating is made from chemicals infused with nano-sized particles 30 microns in diameter (one micron is one millionth of a meter).
Read More
Today, cops rely on generic gunpowder, primer and lubricants getting on the shooter's hands and clothing when a bullet is fired. Such techniques can tell when someone has fired a gun, but can't tie a shooter to a specific bullet casing.
The new coating is made from chemicals infused with nano-sized particles 30 microns in diameter (one micron is one millionth of a meter).
Read More
Friday, July 25, 2008
Virtual Autopsy
The term "autopsy" ("autos" means "self", "opsomei" means "seeing with eyes"), was adopted by medical sciences and is used as a synonym for the dissection of human (and animal) bodies. As implicated by the word itself, in fact even today, the autopsy procedure is a subjective method, and in the conventional forensic investigation process the description of the autopsy results is based on descriptive linguistic techniques. As it is a goal of the virtopsy project to eliminate the subjectivity of "autos" the term "virtopsy" was born, including the two terms "virtual" and "autopsy" but deleting "autos".
Virtual Autopsy was born from the desire to implement new techniques in radiology for the benefit of forensic science. There have been great improvements in MSCT and MRI technology, increasing both contrast and resolution and offering possibilities of 2D and 3D reconstruction.
The aim is to establish an observer independent, objective and reproducible forensic assessment method using modern imaging technology, leading to minimally invasive "virtual" forensic autopsy.
Benefits of Virtual Autopsy
• Uniform Documentation of Findings:
The present-day descriptive, subjective protocolling of autopsy findings can be replaced by a uniform and observer-independent, objective radiological documentation. This will substantially increase the quality of the evidence presented in court by experts. Quality control and expert supervision become possible, as well as forensic "telemedicine" consultation.
• Increased Understandability:
The availability of 2D and 3D Reconstructions will impressively improve the clarity and, consequently, the understandability of future experts' evidence. This will play an important role in the acceptance of the evidence.
• Alternative for cultures where conventional autopsy is forbidden
Virtual autopsy will allow for medico-legal examinations in cultural circles where a conventional autopsy is stigmatized or even forbidden. Last but not least, the method could be useful in the examination of highly infectious bodies.
Thursday, June 12, 2008
With H'ble Health Minister Dr. Ramadoss
Presenting "Review Of Forensic Medicine" to H'ble Union Minister For Health and Family Welfare Dr.Anbumani Ramadoss
AIIMS MD Entrance Exam May 2008
Q.1Corpus delicti is meaning? (Page 1)
A .Essence of crime
B. Inquest into death
C. Body of victim
D. Post-mortem examination
Ans is A.Essence of crime
Q.2Irresistable sexual desire in a male is otherwise known as?
(Page 103-104)
A.Nymphomania
B.Tribadism
C.Satyriasis
D.Sadism
Ans is C.Satyriasis
Q3 In asphyxia structure to be open last is?
(N.B to obtain bloodless field neck is opened last.)
a.Head
b.Neck
c.Abdomen
d.Thorax
answer b.neck
.
Q4.Finger print bureau was 1st established in ? (Page 18)
a India
b UK
c USA
d Poland
Ans a) India
A .Essence of crime
B. Inquest into death
C. Body of victim
D. Post-mortem examination
Ans is A.Essence of crime
Q.2Irresistable sexual desire in a male is otherwise known as?
(Page 103-104)
A.Nymphomania
B.Tribadism
C.Satyriasis
D.Sadism
Ans is C.Satyriasis
Q3 In asphyxia structure to be open last is?
(N.B to obtain bloodless field neck is opened last.)
a.Head
b.Neck
c.Abdomen
d.Thorax
answer b.neck
.
Q4.Finger print bureau was 1st established in ? (Page 18)
a India
b UK
c USA
d Poland
Ans a) India
AIIMS November 2007
AIIMS No. 2007 Forensic Medicine Questions:
1. Telefona:
A. Plucking hairs
B. Beating on both ears
C. Persistent pushing of head into vomit
D. Beating on soles
METHODS OF TORTURE
1.TELEFONO consists of repeated slapping of the sides of the head[over the ears] by open palms of the assailant .this may cause rupture of ear drums.
2..FALANGA (also known as falaka or bastinado)
In this canes/rods are used to beat on the soles of the feet , which is very painful and debilitating. Aseptic necrosis may occur. also hyper pigmentation is seen along lines of injury.
3.SUBMARINO[also known as latina] Victim suffers forced immersion of head in water often contaminated with feces/urine until suffocation.
4.DRY SUBMARINO is tying a plastic bag over the head up to the point of suffocation.
5.SAW HORSE forced straddling of a bar, forcing the victim to sit on a Rod like one sits on horse back, leading to perineal/scrotal hematoma.
6.CATTLE PROD[electric shock] here a magnetic device delivering high voltage may be used in which burns may not be found on skin, but it causes severe pain.
7.BLACK SLAVE here a heated metal spear like object, is inserted into anus .causing rectal/ perinea burns.
2. Primary impact injury most commonly involved is:
A. Head
B. Neck
C. Abdomen
D. Legs
3 type of injury which pedestrians may suffer.
1)Primaryimpact: These are caused when first part of the strikes the vehicle.In the typical case, the vitim is struck by the front of the vehicle and sustains so called bumper injury on legs
2)Secondary impact injuries: These are injuries cause by further impact by the the vehicle
3) Tertiary impact injuries (Secondary injuries) These are injuries caused when the victim striking objects such as the ground)
3.In death due to asphyxia, last to be opened is:
(Ref page no 86)
A. Thorax
B. Abdomen
C. Head
D. Neck
4. In tandem bullet the number of bullets fired are:
(Ref page no.66)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None
5. All of the following are included in grievous hurt except:
(Ref page No. 68)
A. Abrasion on face
B. Loss of one kidney
C. Loss of one testis
D. Loss of one eye
1. Telefona:
A. Plucking hairs
B. Beating on both ears
C. Persistent pushing of head into vomit
D. Beating on soles
METHODS OF TORTURE
1.TELEFONO consists of repeated slapping of the sides of the head[over the ears] by open palms of the assailant .this may cause rupture of ear drums.
2..FALANGA (also known as falaka or bastinado)
In this canes/rods are used to beat on the soles of the feet , which is very painful and debilitating. Aseptic necrosis may occur. also hyper pigmentation is seen along lines of injury.
3.SUBMARINO[also known as latina] Victim suffers forced immersion of head in water often contaminated with feces/urine until suffocation.
4.DRY SUBMARINO is tying a plastic bag over the head up to the point of suffocation.
5.SAW HORSE forced straddling of a bar, forcing the victim to sit on a Rod like one sits on horse back, leading to perineal/scrotal hematoma.
6.CATTLE PROD[electric shock] here a magnetic device delivering high voltage may be used in which burns may not be found on skin, but it causes severe pain.
7.BLACK SLAVE here a heated metal spear like object, is inserted into anus .causing rectal/ perinea burns.
2. Primary impact injury most commonly involved is:
A. Head
B. Neck
C. Abdomen
D. Legs
3 type of injury which pedestrians may suffer.
1)Primaryimpact: These are caused when first part of the strikes the vehicle.In the typical case, the vitim is struck by the front of the vehicle and sustains so called bumper injury on legs
2)Secondary impact injuries: These are injuries cause by further impact by the the vehicle
3) Tertiary impact injuries (Secondary injuries) These are injuries caused when the victim striking objects such as the ground)
3.In death due to asphyxia, last to be opened is:
(Ref page no 86)
A. Thorax
B. Abdomen
C. Head
D. Neck
4. In tandem bullet the number of bullets fired are:
(Ref page no.66)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None
5. All of the following are included in grievous hurt except:
(Ref page No. 68)
A. Abrasion on face
B. Loss of one kidney
C. Loss of one testis
D. Loss of one eye
All India Pre PG Exam January 2008
Corporobasal index is used to determine:
(Ref. Page 7)
A. Race
B. Sex
C. Age
D. Stature
Which of the following is not a death due to suffocation:
(Ref. Page 83)
A. Burking
B. Gagging
C. Throttling
D. Choking
On postmortem examination, contusion of neck muscles is seen along with fracture of Hyoid Bone. The most probable cause of death is:
(Ref. Page 87)
A. Manual Strangulation
B. Drowning
C. Burking
D. Smothering
Expanded Lungs may sink due to:
(Ref. Page 117)
A. Atelectasis
B. Putrefaction
C. Mouth to mouth respiration
D. Alcoholic fixation Meconium aspiration
The reagent used to detect presence of Vaginal Cells on the penis of an accused in a rape case is:
(Ref. Page 144,by exclusion)
A. Lugol’s iodine
B. Phenophthalein test
C. Orthotoluidine test.
D. Benzidine
Vaginal cells can not be seen with the naked eye, but can be detected by a test. These cells turn Brown when exposed to the vapors of Lugol's iodine.
Mechanism of labour in abortion stick is due to:
(Ref. Page 152)
A. Stimulation of uterine contraction
B. Oxytocin present in the stick
C. Prostaglandins present in the stick
D. All of the above
An example of Polychlorinated hydrocarbon is:
(Ref. Page 181)
A. Parathion
B. Malathion
C. Diazinon
D. Endrin
A middle aged man from West Bengal presents with paraesthesia of hands and feet, hyperkeratosis, lines in the nails and rain drop pigmentation in the hands. The most likely causative toxin for the above mentioned symptoms is:
(Ref. Page 183)
A. Lead.
B. Arsenic
C. Thallium.
D. Mercury.
(Ref. Page 7)
A. Race
B. Sex
C. Age
D. Stature
Which of the following is not a death due to suffocation:
(Ref. Page 83)
A. Burking
B. Gagging
C. Throttling
D. Choking
On postmortem examination, contusion of neck muscles is seen along with fracture of Hyoid Bone. The most probable cause of death is:
(Ref. Page 87)
A. Manual Strangulation
B. Drowning
C. Burking
D. Smothering
Expanded Lungs may sink due to:
(Ref. Page 117)
A. Atelectasis
B. Putrefaction
C. Mouth to mouth respiration
D. Alcoholic fixation Meconium aspiration
The reagent used to detect presence of Vaginal Cells on the penis of an accused in a rape case is:
(Ref. Page 144,by exclusion)
A. Lugol’s iodine
B. Phenophthalein test
C. Orthotoluidine test.
D. Benzidine
Vaginal cells can not be seen with the naked eye, but can be detected by a test. These cells turn Brown when exposed to the vapors of Lugol's iodine.
Mechanism of labour in abortion stick is due to:
(Ref. Page 152)
A. Stimulation of uterine contraction
B. Oxytocin present in the stick
C. Prostaglandins present in the stick
D. All of the above
An example of Polychlorinated hydrocarbon is:
(Ref. Page 181)
A. Parathion
B. Malathion
C. Diazinon
D. Endrin
A middle aged man from West Bengal presents with paraesthesia of hands and feet, hyperkeratosis, lines in the nails and rain drop pigmentation in the hands. The most likely causative toxin for the above mentioned symptoms is:
(Ref. Page 183)
A. Lead.
B. Arsenic
C. Thallium.
D. Mercury.
Monday, June 04, 2007
Third International Edn of "Review Of Forensic Medicine" released..!!
It gives me immense pleasure to inform you that the 3rd International Edn of my book is out.I want to thank all my readers for their encouragement and constant feedback.6000 copies of the earlier editions were sold in a period of two years which is a record among the sales of short books on Forensic Medicine.
This Book is now sold in Mauritius, Nepal and Russian Federation apart from India
The Third Edition have been extensively reviewed by Forensic Experts from USA,UK, Australia.It has also received praise from a senior IPS officer,director of a PG Coaching Institute,Topper in Delhi PG exam and an aspiring medical Student.
Their Reviews are As Follows:
“It is really a simple and concise handbook on Forensic Medicine. It is awfully useful in homicide investigation for busy investigation officers.”
Shri Tajender Luthra, IPS
Additional Commissioner of Police,
Delhi Police
" THIS BOOK IS A MUST HAVE FOR ALL PG ASPIRANTS, DR SETH IS BOTH A GREAT TEACHER & A GREAT AUTHOR"
DR SUMER K SETHI,
MBBS, MD (RADIODIAGNOSIS)
COURSE DIRECTOR, DAMS
DELHI ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
AUTHOR OF FAMOUS "REVIEW OF RADIOLOGY' IN SAME SERIES
"THE BOOK IS EVERY STUDENT'S DELIGHT AS IT HAS FILLED A VOID OF A BOOK THAT SINGLE-HANDEDLY COVERS ALL THE TOPICS IN FORENSIC MEDICINE WITH THE DETAILS PRECISELY TO AN EXTENT THAT IS NEEDED FOR THE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.
IT VERY WELL DE BURDENS THE PRESSURES OF TIME AND LEARNING EXPANSE IN THE ALREADY OVERLOADED AND TAXED LIFE OF A MEDICAL STUDENT."
A "can't afford to miss" book
I READ IT LIKE MY BIBLE
Dr. Parul Gupta
2nd Rank Delhi PG
LADY HARDINGE MEDICAL COLLEGE
"REVIEW OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IS ONE OF THE BEST POCKET BOOKS FOR INDIAN MEDICAL GRADUATES, IT HAS ALL THE NEEDED POINTS IN LEAST NUMBER OF PAGES “
DR ISHA GUPTA
MBBS STUDENT & PG ASPIRANT
LADY HARDINGE MEDICAL COLLEGE
The whole spectrum of forensic medicine is covered
The MCQs themselves are well thought out and laid out nicely.
On the whole it is a fine book suitable for students of forensic medicine
I would think that this book is the sort of book one reads one last time on the day before the exam!”
Dr. Gyan C. A. Fernando
MBBS, FRCPath, DMJ
Home Office Forensic Pathologist
Devon and Cornwall
United Kingdom
“Student quick pocket guide for forensic medicine and forensic toxicology examination”
Dr. Javed Khan
Forensic Scientist
California Department of Justice
Bureau of Forensic Services
Riverside Crime Laboratory
13723 Stockbrook RoadMoreno Valely, CA 92553, USA
This slim volume is an excellent summary of the important points of forensic medicine.
This is a user friendly book, easy and quick to read, and small enough to carry with you. It covers all fields of forensic medicine .It is an excellent companion to larger volumes on the forensic medicine and pathology.
Dr. Jenny Ball
46 Webster Street
Forensic Odontologist
Nedlands 6009
Western Australia
Australia
Review of Forensic Medicine” by Dr. Sumit Seth (PEEPEE Publishers, New Delhi) is a refreshing departure from the traditional text books on Forensic Medicine. In each of the fourteen chapters of this small concise book the author has explained the intricacies of various facets of Forensic Medicine in a very simple and lucid manner followed by a set of possible Multiple Choice Questions with their answers at the bottom of each page.
Professor P.K. Chattopadhyay
Director
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
New Delhi
Wednesday, May 09, 2007
Educational Institutes I studied in
- Punjab Govt Model School Slapper,Himachal Pradesh(KG class till 3rd Std)
- SRS Mission School Janak Puri Delhi (4th til 6th Std)
- Govt Boys Senior Secondary School ,Janak Puri Delhi (7th and 8th )
- Maharaja Agarsain Model School(9th till 12th),Pitam Pura Delhi
- Maulana Azad Medical College,New Delhi(MBBS)
- Lady Hardinge Medical College,New Delhi(MD Forensic Medicine)
- Vaji-Ram and Ravi ,Coaching Institute fot Civil Services
- British Council Business English School
- Re-Birth Art of Living Course
- Inlingua School of Languages(French)
- Lal Bhadur Shastri National Academy of Administration(78th Foundation Course)
- Foreign Service Institute,Akbar Bhawan New Delhi
- IDSA New Delhi
- ICCR New Delhi
- Indian Institute of Foreign Trade,New Delhi
- RIS,New Delhi
- Indian Institute of Management ,Banglore
- Bureau of Parlimentry Studies,Sansad Bhawan
- Banker's training College,RBI Mumbai
- Antonio Nebrija University Madrid,Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid :: UCM
Saturday, January 14, 2006
What If ..?
what if...?
What if? My heart breaks like a Shattered Glass
What if? My worst nightmare comes true
Will I stop hoping..?
Will I stop dreaming..?
No Never..!!
What if? I get all the money I longed
What if? I get all the fame I desired
Will I stop praying..?
Will I stop learning..?
No Never..!!
What if? I lose every battle I fight
What if? I never get the fruits of my efforts
Will I stop fighting..?
Will I stop working..?
No Never..!
What if? I reach the pinnacle of Success
What if? I achieve things beyond my potential
Will I stop helping..?
Will I stop caring..?
No Never..!
When everything in me remains the same
Why think of what if..?
When everything around me happens for good
Why think of what if..?
When there is so much to experience
Why think of what if..?
When this present moment is so precious
Why think of what if..?
Monday, December 13, 2004
Mystery Behind Napolean's Death
Napolean The Impossible
Arsenic
An interesting study by David Jones of the University of Newcastle casts doubts on the arsenic poisoning theory.
An examination of the wallpaper at Longwood House reveals a relatively high level of arsenic, used at that time to produce a green pigment, "Scheele's Green." In the damp environment of St. Helena, it would be possible to speculate that mold, forming on the clammy walls, would metabolize the green pigment releasing arsenic in the form of gas. Such exposure could produce a condition known as "Gosio's Disease," with symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning.
This would explain the high levels of arsenic in Napoleon's hair. Whether this theory would explain the intermittent levels of arsenic found by Smith is problematic, since one would expect a constant level. A counter argument to this would be that the intermittent levels could be correlated with seasonable changes of alternating periods of damp and dry.
The wallpaper theory remains interesting, but inconclusive. If it were possible to obtain hair samples from others who were living at Longwood during that period, and if those samples also contained high levels of arsenic, then the theory would be more credible.
It has been noted by Karlen and others that many medicines used at the time contained small amounts of arsenic, as well as mercury and antimony. Could these have been the sources for the arsenic in Napoleon's hair? Further, the presence of mercury and antimony can confuse an analysis designed to assay for arsenic.
There is a dispute about the relative amounts of arsenic. Is it possible that, considering the wallpaper and arsenic-based medicines, the arsenic levels are not all that much higher than normal? After all, it is argued, arsenic may have been more prevalent in the environment of St. Helena than has been formerly recognized.
Finally, there is dispute over the accuracy of dating the hair samples purportedly from Napoleon.
One difficult finding is that a sample identified as being from 1808 -- well before the period of exile -- contains higher than normal levels of arsenic. Either Napoleon was ingesting arsenic well before any plot to poison him, or the dating of the samples is wrong.
There seems to be a distaste for the arsenic murder theory, as if it is an unseemly interpretation of history. There are some perplexing issues, nonetheless. If the issue is one of general environmental poisoning by arsenic, why was Napoleon the only one seriously afflicted? If poisoning was not going on, what killed -- suddenly and painfully -- Cipriani and the two servants? Apart from Cipriani and the two servants, there is no evidence for symptoms of arsenic poisoning among other members of the household.
The most reasonable conclusion, given the circumstantial evidence and Napoleon's symptoms, is that arsenic poisoning was the cause of Napoleon's death, and that it was most likely administered by Montholon
Nothing is impossible
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Sunday, December 12, 2004
CSI Team:Mixure of Gray and Fair Matter
SHOW DESCRIPTION:Gil Grissom is the senior forensics officer at the Criminalistics Bureau in Las Vegas who heads a dedicated team of Crime Scene Investigators.
BRIEF HISTORY:The series was originally co-produced by Touchstone TV, which dropped the show before the season began and was replaced by Alliance Atlantis. Series regulars George Eads and Jorja Fox were fired from the show before the 2004-05 season, but were later rehired. The show was so successful on Friday nights at 9 p.m. it found itself moved to Thursdays on Feb. 1 following "Survivor: The Australian Outback."
STARS:Robert Hall as Dr. Al Robbins Paul Guilfoyle as Captain Jim Brass Eric Szmanda as Greg Sanders Jorja Fox as Sara Sidle George Eads as Nick Stokes Gary Dourdan as Warrick Brown Marg Helgenberger as Catherine Willows William Petersen as Gil Grissom
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